Submission Number

Stapp Car Crash Journal, Vol. 58 (November 2014), pp.

Copyright © 2014 The Stapp Association

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abstract – The abstract provides readers with sufficient information to determine if the paper contains material of interest. A good abstract should briefly identify the main ideas detailed in the complete paper. It should indicate new data, conclusions, or perspectives that the paper offers, and should provide a brief statement of the significance of this new material. The abstract should not contain references to the literature. The abstract should not exceed 250 words and is required for each paper. (Please delete this paragraph and begin typing your abstract here.)

Keywords – A list of 3-10 keywords to be used for indexing and database word searches should appear after the abstract. (Type your keywords here.)

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introduction

The introduction follows immediately after the abstract. It should provide background on the problem being addressed by the study, including references to relevant literature and the reasons for doing the research. It should also indicate the overall scope of the material covered in the paper, and should briefly indicate how the problem was investigated. These paragraphs present the basis for the detailed presentation in the paper. The introduction should not indicate results or key findings, which are mentioned briefly in the abstract and described in greater detail in the Results and Conclusions sections of the paper. (After you select and delete this paragraph, start entering the text for your paper here.)

METHODS

Address correspondence to corresponding author name, author mailing address. Electronic mail: author e-mail address

For most papers reporting on experimental or analytical research, the Introduction is followed by a Methods section. The methods used in the research, including methods of data collection and analysis, or methods of model development and use, should be separate from, and come before the presentation of results. There may be two or more subheadings for the Methods section.

Heading 2 (Subheading)

A subheading (Heading 2) within a major section is in mixed case and in bold type. A blank line is between the subheading and the text of the first paragraph.

Heading 3 (Sub-subheading). In a sub-subheading (Heading 3), only the first letter of each key word is capitalized. The sub-subheading is italicized and the text of the first paragraph begins on the same line as the sub-subheading as shown.

RESULTS

Results should be presented objectively after the methods have been described. There may be two or more subheadings for the Results section.

DISCUSSION

Comments about the results should be reserved for the Discussion section, where all of the study findings can be discussed and integrated with the results in the literature. The Discussion section should summarize what was done and what was found, while simultaneously providing commentary to interpret the results. Any limitations of the findings, or possible sources and magnitudes of error, should be mentioned. The Discussion section is also where the authors will recommend or indicate plans for future research.

CONCLUSION

The conclusions section provides a simple summary of all that was learned or accomplished by the study. The reader must be able to find supporting evidence in the Results section for each conclusion.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Acknowledgments section is used by authors to recognize external financial sources of support and those who assisted in the study.

REFERENCES

List references alphabetically and unnumbered. Examples of reference format for journal, paper in an edited book, book, and conferenceproceedings follow.

Baratta, R., Solomonow, M. (1991) The effect of tendon viscoelastic stiffness on the dynamic performance of isometric muscle. Journal of Biomechanics 24(2): 1647-1652.

Goldstein, S., Frankenburg, E., and Kuhn, J. (1993) Biomechanics of bone. In Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention, ed. A.M. Nahum and J.W. Melvin, pp. 198-223. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Letournel, E., and Judet, R. (1993) Fractures of the acetabulum. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Reber, J.G. (1978) Lumped parameter model of whiplash. MS Thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

Shreiber, D.I., Bain, A.C., and Meaney, D.F. (1997) In vivo thresholds for mechanical injury to the blood-brain barrier. Proc. 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference, pp. 277-292. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.

Stitzel, J.D., Duma, S.M., Cormier, J.M., and Herring, I.P. (2002) A nonlinear finite element model of the eye with experimental validation for the prediction of globe rupture. Stapp Car Crash Journal 46: 81-102.

Appendix

This section may be used for large tables and detailed descriptions of precedures and analysis techniques.